Single Camera Production

Single camera production is when you use one camera and the re-arrange the clips into the order you want. Single camera production is used in both TV and camera production, such as for music videos, adverts and prime TV dramas. Single camera production often captures shots out of order but then you go back and assemble them into the correct order later on. Single camera productions are possibly most well-known on television interview shows where one person interviews another. This technique can also be used to film clips which will then be included in another show, such as news or magazine shows.An advantage of single camera production is that it is cheaper. This is because you only need a camera, lighting, actors and a producer. Although it can also be more expensive as it would take twice as long to film as you are only using one camera and you would then have to hire things such as actors, settings, props etc., for longer.A disadvantage of single camera production is that it takes more time to film and produce. This is because you are only able to film one thing at a time, and therefore it will take a lot longer than multi-camera production which consists of more than one camera. Another advantage of single camera production is that it allows for the reconstruction of events in a different order then they may have occurred. This is because as you are only using one camera after filming you can then re-arrange all the clips you have taken.
Multi-camera production is when you are using a range of cameras which are used for different things. Multi-camera production is commonly used in soaps as they wouldn’t not have enough time to film the whole show using one camera. Multi-camera production includes multiple cameras which are set up to film a sequence of actions from different angles at the same time. An advantage of Multi-camera production is that Multi-camera production would be less time consuming than single-camera production as you are able to film a range of sequences at the same time. Another advantage is that it is also not as costly as you would not need to hire out things such as settings and actors as the filming would be completed twice as fast. Although a disadvantage of Multi-camera is that as the production is cheaper the quality may not be as good as single-camera production as it takes longer and therefore the filming may be more précised.Continuity editing is when you assemble a range of shots together in a way which makes the process of editing invisible. Cuts between the shots then seem seamless and there is a logical progression from one scene to another. There are a range of continuity editing techniques, these include:
-Master/Establishing shots. An establishing shot is generally used at the beginning of a scene to indicate where and sometimes when the scene is taking place. It may also show important relationships between characters or objects.
-180 degree rule. This rule states that the camera should stay on either side of the invisible line at all times, breaking this rule can confuse the audience and make them loose focus.
-Match on action. This is when the editor cuts from one shot to another which then matches the first shot's action. When using this editing technique it gives the impression of a continuous shot.
-Shot reverse shot. This is when two or more shots are edited together. This editing technique is commonly used in conversations between people.
-Cross Cutting. This editing technique tends to be used in films to show action occurring at the same time in two different locations. In cross cutting, the camera will cut away from one piece of action to another.-Cutaway and Inserts. The cutaway and inserts editing technique is the interruption of a continuous piece of action by inserting something else.-Eyeline Match. The editing technique 'Eyeline match' helps the audience to see what the character on screen is seeing. The first shot is of the character looking at something then followed by what they are presumed to see.-Continuous diegetic sound. This editing technique is a continuous sound which the characters can hear, such as listening to music on the radio or conversations going on between characters.-White balance. This editing technique is to do with the lighting in the scene.
http://gemmatv.wordpress.com/category/single-camera-techniques/

We then got given a task to create a short video which would include all of these Continuity editing techniques. My group chose to base our short video on a job interview where we filmed the interviewee walking towards the building as an establishing shot. It then went into a cross cutting shot as the interviewee was walking into the building whilst the interviewer was sorting out the paper. Then the interviewee started to look agitated, and then it went onto her looking at her watch to check the time. This was an example of a cut away and insert. The video also consisted of the 180 degree rule when the interview was taking place. The shot when from one person to another when a question was asked and answered. The short video also consisted of the techniques 'match on action', 'Eyeline match' and 'Continuous Diegetic sound', which was the conversation going on throughout the interview. -Shot reverse shot. This is when two or more shots are edited together. This editing technique is commonly used in conversations between people.-Cross Cutting. This editing technique tends to be used in films to show action occurring at the same time in two different locations. In cross cutting, the camera will cut away from one piece of action to another.-Cutaway and Inserts. The cutaway and inserts editing technique is the interruption of a continuous piece of action by inserting something else.-Eyeline Match. The editing technique 'Eyeline match' helps the audience to see what the character on screen is seeing. The first shot is of the character looking at something then followed by what they are presumed to see.-Continuous diegetic sound. This editing technique is a continuous sound which the characters can hear, such as listening to music on the radio or conversations going on between characters.-White balance. This editing technique is to do with the lighting in the scene. We then got given a task to create a short video which would include all of these Continuity editing techniques. My group chose to base our short video on a job interview where we filmed the interviewee walking towards the building as an establishing shot. It then went into a cross cutting shot as the interviewee was walking into the building whilst the interviewer was sorting out the paper. Then the interviewee started to look agitated, and then it went onto her looking at her watch to check the time. This was an example of a cut away and insert. The video also consisted of the 180 degree rule when the interview was taking place. The shot when from one person to another when a question was asked and answered. The short video also consisted of the techniques 'match on action', 'Eyeline match' and 'Continuous Diegetic sound', which was the conversation going on throughout the interview. -Shot reverse shot. This is when two or more shots are edited together. This editing technique is commonly used in conversations between people.-Cross Cutting. This editing technique tends to be used in films to show action occurring at the same time in two different locations. In cross cutting, the camera will cut away from one piece of action to another.-Cutaway and Inserts. The cutaway and inserts editing technique is the interruption of a continuous piece of action by inserting something else.-Eyeline Match. The editing technique 'Eyeline match' helps the audience to see what the character on screen is seeing. The first shot is of the character looking at something then followed by what they are presumed to see.-Continuous diegetic sound. This editing technique is a continuous sound which the characters can hear, such as listening to music on the radio or conversations going on between characters.-White balance. This editing technique is to do with the lighting in the scene. We then got given a task to create a short video which would include all of these Continuity editing techniques. My group chose to base our short video on a job interview where we filmed the interviewee walking towards the building as an establishing shot. It then went into a cross cutting shot as the interviewee was walking into the building whilst the interviewer was sorting out the paper. Then the interviewee started to look agitated, and then it went onto her looking at her watch to check the time. This was an example of a cut away and insert. The video also consisted of the 180 degree rule when the interview was taking place. This was the shot when the camera went from one person to another when a question was asked and answered. The short video also consisted of the techniques 'match on action', 'Eyeline match' and 'Continuous Diegetic sound', which was the conversation going on throughout the interview.

 

Evaluation- Continuity Editing sequence.
I was asked to create a short film demonstrating continuity editing.  Our continuity footage I believe was presented effectively. This is because I think our piece of footage contained all of the continuity editing techniques needed, and the majority of filming and editing was done to seem as though the footage was continuous and flowing.  The filming of the continuity editing technique the ‘180 Degree rule’ and the ‘shot reverse shot’ was effective and had shown how this rule applies when filming. Also when using the ‘cut-away’ editing technique and putting it within the sequence it looked as though the footage was continuous.  We also included the other editing techniques such as the ‘sound bridge’, which was the on-going conversation throughout the interview.  Although I believe that some parts of the footage could have been better such as when filming the ‘match on action’. The footage didn’t seem as flowing and continuous as it should when using this continuity editing technique.  Also for this editing technique we could have included more footage as it was only showing somebody walking through the door.  Overall I think that my continuity video was good however if I was going to film it again I would change some of my scenes. When doing this I would try and make the entire filming look smooth and continuous.

 The Inbetweeners- episode 1 series 1. The Inbetweeners follows a linear narrative structure. This is because it is shown in chronological order, which means that everything in shown in the order it happened. The Inbetweeners can be described as having both an open and closed ending. This is because in each episode a situation which has taken place throughout the episode has been resolved but in later episodes the situation may be brought up again.  It also follows the multi-strand narrative structure as usually all four of the main characters each have their own individual storyline. The inbetweeners is also realistic as it is based on the typical lives of teenage boys in high school, and is relatable.  The inbetweeners uses diegetic sound a lot throughout the series. In this particular episode they have used diegetic sound mainly when a conversation is taking place. An example of this is the conversation between Will and his friends.  Throughout the conversation they are talking in ‘slang’, and making up words for different body parts. They do this because teenagers are supposed to be able to relate to the inbetweeners, and by using ‘slang’ they would be doing this. Also by making up words for body parts makes the context of what they are saying funny and again is relatable to a teenager. There were also aspects of non-diegetic sound throughout the episode. An example of this is when the theme tune was being played after or between scenes. This theme tune was being used to show the audience when a scene had ended. Throughout the episode they also used many different camera shots which portrayed the characters in different lights. They frequently use high angle shot in each episode of the inbetweeners to show the importance of different characters. An example of this is when will is on the toilet and the ‘bullies’ are taking pictures of him from a high angle. When using this shot it shows the character to look weak and foolish, which teenage audiences will find funny. It also shows that the bullies are seen to be superior to Will. Another shot which was used in this episode of the inbetweeners is a close up shot, which was used to show what the character is focusing on. A prime example of this is when the close up shot was used to show Carly’s boobs when Simon went in to smell her aftershave. This shot was used to show what Simon was focusing on, and relates to what a typical teenage boy would be staring at. Continuity editing techniques were mostly used throughout this episode. The 180 degree rule was used to show a conversation taking place. An example of this is when Will was having a conversation with the barman, trying to persuade him to sell him alcohol. This editing technique was used to make it clear that they are having a conversation and also shows what each character is looking at. It also shows each characters facial expression clearly. Will's facial expressions showed that he was pleading with the Barman to let him buy alcohol, which made him seem pathetic and added humour to the scene. Another editing technique which was used in this episode was a jump cut. This technique was used to emphasis a characters reaction. An example of this is when will was talking to the barman about buying alcohol, but then gets turned down. This editing technique shows Wills reaction, which was shocked, clearly as he get turned down when asking to buy alcohol. This then creates humour for the audience as it makes Will look weak and stupid. Throughout this episode of the inbetweeners they mainly used natural lighting. An example of this is when the boys where walking outside of school talking. This lighting technique was used to show that the characters are real and therefore the audience can relate to them.

short film- Black hole. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5_Msrdg3Hk 
The ‘black hole’ is a short film. The genre of this film has elements of a thriller, drama, a sci-fi, and a comedy. The ‘black hole’ follows a linear narrative structure. This is because the short film is presented in chronological order, which means that everything is shown in the order it happened. The ‘black hole’ can also be described as being open-ended. This is because you never find out what happens to the man after he gets stuck inside the safe. It is also follows the single-strand narrative structure, as it only follows one person’s point of view throughout the film.  The ‘black hole’ is also non-realist, because it is not about something which will occur in real life. The ‘black hole’ doesn't follow the typical narrative structure. This is because although it has equilibrium, when the man featured is going about his daily life, and disequilibrium, when the man finds the black hole, it doesn't include a new equilibrium (a resolution to the problem).  The message being portrayed in this film is that you should not use power for greed. This is because when the man kept trying to more money from the safe he got locked in.
The short film follows many different camera techniques. The first camera technique I noticed was a close up shot. An example of this is of the characters face when he finds the black hole and realises he can get things when putting his hand through it. When using a close up shot it emphasises the expression on his face.
There was also another close up shot used during the short film.
This was when the man realised that he could get the money out of the safe by using the black hole. This shot again was used to show the expression on the man’s face, which was excitement as he was able to get the money out of the safe.
 Another shot which was used was a low angle shot. This was used to show the character from the black holes point of view. This again shows the characters facial expressions and the audience from a different perspective.
Throughout the short film there is a range of editing techniques used.
One editing technique which is used effectively in the film is a ‘jump cut’.  This was used at the end of the short film when the man had got locked inside of the safe, and then it zoomed away but cut out the shots in-between it. This jump cut was used to show that the man was going to be left in the safe alone.
Sound was also used a lot in the short film, and there was aspects of both diegetic and non-diegetic sound. An example of this is when you can hear the noise of the photocopying machine in the background. This sound is an aspect of diegetic sound as the man featured in the film can hear it. This sound is also used to show the location he is in.
 Another example of sound used in this film is non-diegetic sound. This is used every time the man puts his hand into the black hole, only the audience watching can hear it. This sound is used to help the audience understand how powerful the black hole is.
The lighting used throughout this short film was mostly low-key lighting. An example of this is throughout the short film, as the producer wanted it to feel as though the man featured was bored. The lighting used also gave the man a dull, washed out tone which also helped to set the mood of the film.